Refractory Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Requiring Surgical Intervention

Endoscopy for Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Endoscopy for acute nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding plays an important role in primary diagnosis and management, particularly with respect to identification of high-risk stigmata lesions and to providing endoscopic hemostasis to reduce the risk of rebleeding and mortality. Early endoscopy, defined as endoscopy within the first 24 hours after presentation, improves patient outcome an...

Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Score for Differentiating Variceal and Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

Background: Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a common gastrointestinal emergency. In the place where urgent esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is unavailable, empirical pharmacological therapy with vasoactive drugs for variceal bleeding or proton pump inhibitors for nonvariceal bleeding is recommended. However, the values of using clinical data for predicting the types of UGIB are unclea...

A 77-year-old man with nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding.

Comorbidities Affect Risk of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding

BACKGROUND & AIMS The incidence of upper gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) has not been reduced despite the decreasing incidence of peptic ulcers, strategies to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection, and prophylaxis against ulceration from nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Other factors might therefore be involved in the pathogenesis of GIB. Patients with GIB have increasing nongastrointest...

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: standard and new treatment.

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding remains a challenging problem with a significant morbidity and mortality. In recent years endoscopic techniques have evolved, resulting in improved primary hemostasis and a reduction in the risk of rebleeding. Combination endoscopic therapy followed by high-dose proton pump inhibitor shows improved outcomes. Innovative endoscopic therapies hold promis...